{
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  "dataset": "The Calibrated Authority Index",
  "version": "2026-10-23",
  "creator": "Chris Huber Reitz",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "id": "national-court-reporters-assoc",
  "name": "National Court Reporters Association — Emerging Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Use of AI, ASR, Voice Cloning, and Digital Audio Recording of Legal Proceedings (STRONG Committee, Nov 2023)",
  "segment": "professional-certification",
  "url": "https://ncra.org/docs/white-paper-ai-asr",
  "scores": {
    "D1": 2,
    "D2": 2,
    "D3": 2,
    "D4": 1,
    "D5": 2,
    "D6": 2
  },
  "ca": 11,
  "posture": "Prohibitive",
  "c2_fit": "partially",
  "c3": "Evidential",
  "twilight": true,
  "coded_date": "2026-09-27",
  "last_changed": null,
  "revision": 0,
  "quote": "Without traceability, AI should not be used in the production of certified court or deposition transcripts.",
  "quote_label": "NCRA white paper, Emerging Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Use of AI, ASR, Voice Cloning, and Digital Audio Recording of Legal Proceedings, §VI Conclusion (STRONG Committee, November 2023; PDF read 2026-09-27)",
  "provenance": {
    "url": "https://ncra.org/docs/white-paper-ai-asr",
    "verify_status": "primary-live-2026-09-27",
    "note": "Adopted NCRA resolution (§VI) requires AI/ASR transcript systems be 'subject to human authority, oversight, and control to verify the chain of custody of the official record'; 'All individuals participating in legal proceedings should be duly advised if AI or ASR will be utilized in the production of transcripts ... allowed to decide whether they wish to opt in or out.' D1=2 (traceability as a precondition; chain of custody). D2=2 (FRCP 80: transcript 'certified by the person who reported it'; 'Responsible individuals and organizations should be accountable'). D3=2 (advise + opt-out). D4=1: voice cloning / deepfake impersonation of deposition participants and 'misleading \"certificate\" pages' are named as threats, but no explicit prohibition is stated. D5=2. D6=2 (ASR word-error-rate evidence by race, gender and age; FRE 901(a) authentication; forensic audio). DISCONFIRMATION PROBE RESULT (discovery-log 2026-09-20): the probe predicted a reserve-where-proof-is-cheap counter-example, on the premise that the audio is ground truth. On reading, NCRA contests that premise directly: 'Gone is the time when a transcript or evidence derived from an audiotape or videotape introduced at trial was assumed to be authentic'; audio can be altered 'nearly seamlessly' and detecting edits requires 'highly trained forensic experts.' The reservation is therefore argued in verification terms, so it is not a clean disconfirmation. c2_fit=partially rather than fits because the blanket conclusion ('automated transcription has no place') outruns its own evidence: the paper's own remedy (Washington's chain-of-custody court rule) shows proof can be made cheap again without a stenographer, and the document comes from a certifying body facing what it calls 'an existential challenge' to the profession. Occupational boundary-drawing and verification economics point the same way here and cannot be separated from this text alone. twilight=true: 'legislation and court rules have lagged behind emerging AI'; 'an inherently dynamic paper subject to future changes.'"
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    "name": "Calibrated Authority rating — National Court Reporters Association — Emerging Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Use of AI, ASR, Voice Cloning, and Digital Audio Recording of Legal Proceedings (STRONG Committee, Nov 2023)",
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      "text": "Without traceability, AI should not be used in the production of certified court or deposition transcripts.",
      "abstract": "Without traceability, AI should not be used in the production of certified court or deposition transcripts.",
      "alternateName": "NCRA white paper, Emerging Ethical and Legal Issues Related to the Use of AI, ASR, Voice Cloning, and Digital Audio Recording of Legal Proceedings, §VI Conclusion (STRONG Committee, November 2023; PDF read 2026-09-27)"
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    "reviewRating": {
      "@type": "Rating",
      "ratingValue": 11,
      "bestRating": 12,
      "worstRating": 0,
      "ratingExplanation": "Composite Calibrated Authority score (sum of six 0-2 dimensions). Breakdown — D1 Traceability & inspectability: 2; D2 Human authorship & accountability: 2; D3 Disclosure & labeling: 2; D4 Synthetic-identity / fabrication prohibition: 1; D5 Human validation in loop: 2; D6 Evidential-trust emphasis: 2. Posture: Prohibitive. Verification-boundary fit: partially. Trust-logic: Evidential."
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