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  "dataset": "The Calibrated Authority Index",
  "version": "2026-09-08",
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  "name": "IMDA / PDPC Singapore — Model AI Governance Framework (2nd edition)",
  "segment": "data-protection-regulator",
  "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Resource-for-Organisation/AI/SGModelAIGovFramework2.pdf",
  "scores": {
    "D1": 1,
    "D2": 1,
    "D3": 1,
    "D4": 0,
    "D5": 1,
    "D6": 1
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  "ca": 5,
  "posture": "Enabling",
  "c2_fit": "contradicts",
  "c3": "Both-split",
  "twilight": true,
  "coded_date": "2026-08-16",
  "last_changed": null,
  "revision": 0,
  "quote": "Human-out-of-the-loop suggests that there is no human oversight over the execution of decisions. The AI system has full control without the option of human override.",
  "quote_label": "Model Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework, Second Edition (released 21 January 2020), §3.14(b)",
  "provenance": {
    "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Resource-for-Organisation/AI/SGModelAIGovFramework2.pdf",
    "verify_status": "primary-live-2026-08-16",
    "note": "Disconfirmation probe that paid out, and the lowest-scoring regulator in the corpus. The reserve line is drawn on severity x probability of HARM, not on verification economics, and footnote 4(c) makes operational infeasibility an independent permit ground: \"having a human-in-the-loop would be unfeasible in high-speed financial trading, and be impractical in the case of driverless vehicles\" — machine judgment permitted precisely where proof of a correct individual decision is scarce. D1/D6=1 because traceability and auditability are explicitly discretionary and cost-gated: \"It may not be feasible or cost-effective to implement even the most essential of these measures for all algorithms,\" with reproducibility, traceability and auditability described as \"more resource-intensive\" and relevant only \"in specific scenarios.\" c3=Both-split because evidential measures are selected by which \"will be most effective in building trust with their stakeholders\" — evidence in service of relationship. D3=1: all disclosure is \"encouraged\" or organisations \"can consider,\" never required. D4=0: no fabrication, deepfake or synthetic-identity provision anywhere (a 2020 pre-generative document). twilight=true on \"unlike earlier technologies, some aspects of autonomous predictions or decisions made by AI may not be fully explainable\" and \"perfect explainability, transparency and fairness are impossible to attain.\""
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    "name": "Calibrated Authority rating — IMDA / PDPC Singapore — Model AI Governance Framework (2nd edition)",
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      "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Resource-for-Organisation/AI/SGModelAIGovFramework2.pdf",
      "text": "Human-out-of-the-loop suggests that there is no human oversight over the execution of decisions. The AI system has full control without the option of human override.",
      "abstract": "Human-out-of-the-loop suggests that there is no human oversight over the execution of decisions. The AI system has full control without the option of human override.",
      "alternateName": "Model Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework, Second Edition (released 21 January 2020), §3.14(b)"
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    "reviewRating": {
      "@type": "Rating",
      "ratingValue": 5,
      "bestRating": 12,
      "worstRating": 0,
      "ratingExplanation": "Composite Calibrated Authority score (sum of six 0-2 dimensions). Breakdown — D1 Traceability & inspectability: 1; D2 Human authorship & accountability: 1; D3 Disclosure & labeling: 1; D4 Synthetic-identity / fabrication prohibition: 0; D5 Human validation in loop: 1; D6 Evidential-trust emphasis: 1. Posture: Enabling. Verification-boundary fit: contradicts. Trust-logic: Both-split."
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      "name": "The Calibrated Authority Index",
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