{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Dataset",
  "name": "The Calibrated Authority Index",
  "description": "A living corpus coding how knowledge institutions construct trust in generative AI. Each institution's public AI policy is coded on six dimensions (D1-D6) into a composite Calibrated Authority (CA) score 0-12, plus posture, verification-boundary fit, trust-logic, and twilight markers. The observational, observed-in-the-wild evidence for the trust-formation-divergence thesis: trust forms by divergent mechanisms driven by verification economics.",
  "version": "2026-06-22",
  "creator": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Chris Huber Reitz",
    "url": "https://chrishuberreitz.com",
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    ]
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Chris Huber Reitz",
    "url": "https://chrishuberreitz.com"
  },
  "isBasedOn": "https://chrishuberreitz.com/frameworks/calibrated-authority",
  "keywords": [
    "Calibrated Authority",
    "Anticipatory Reciprocity",
    "AI trust",
    "AI governance",
    "generative AI policy",
    "verification economics",
    "trust formation",
    "AI authorship",
    "Organizational Intelligence Design",
    "AEO"
  ],
  "measurementTechnique": "Six-dimension manual coding (D1-D6, 0-2 each) of each institution's public generative-AI policy; composite Calibrated Authority score 0-12.",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "url": "https://calibrated-authority.chrishuberreitz.com",
  "variableMeasured": [
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      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D1",
      "description": "Traceability & inspectability"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D2",
      "description": "Human authorship & accountability"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D3",
      "description": "Disclosure & labeling"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D4",
      "description": "Synthetic-identity / fabrication prohibition"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D5",
      "description": "Human validation in loop"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "D6",
      "description": "Evidential-trust emphasis"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "ca",
      "description": "Composite Calibrated Authority score (0-12)."
    }
  ],
  "dateModified": "2026-07-22T11:30:00Z",
  "distribution": [
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      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "encodingFormat": "application/json",
      "contentUrl": "https://calibrated-authority.chrishuberreitz.com/index.json"
    },
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    }
  ],
  "$schema": "https://calibrated-authority.chrishuberreitz.com/schema.json",
  "metadata": {
    "title": "The Calibrated Authority Index",
    "description": "A living corpus coding how knowledge institutions construct trust in generative AI. Each institution's public AI policy is coded on six dimensions (D1-D6) into a composite Calibrated Authority (CA) score 0-12, plus posture, verification-boundary fit, trust-logic, and twilight markers. The observational, observed-in-the-wild evidence for the trust-formation-divergence thesis: trust forms by divergent mechanisms driven by verification economics.",
    "version": "2026-06-22",
    "engine_version": "1.0.0",
    "n": 55,
    "mean_ca": 9.8,
    "ca_range": [
      3,
      12
    ],
    "instrument": {
      "scale": "0-12 composite (six dimensions, 0-2 each)",
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "key": "D1",
          "label": "Traceability & inspectability"
        },
        {
          "key": "D2",
          "label": "Human authorship & accountability"
        },
        {
          "key": "D3",
          "label": "Disclosure & labeling"
        },
        {
          "key": "D4",
          "label": "Synthetic-identity / fabrication prohibition"
        },
        {
          "key": "D5",
          "label": "Human validation in loop"
        },
        {
          "key": "D6",
          "label": "Evidential-trust emphasis"
        }
      ],
      "fields": {
        "ca": "Composite Calibrated Authority score, sum of D1-D6 (0-12).",
        "posture": "The institution's overall stance toward generative AI: Prohibitive, Balanced, or Enabling.",
        "c2_fit": "Verification-boundary fit: does the policy land where the thesis predicts (fits | deviates).",
        "c3": "Trust-logic: Evidential | Relational | Both-split | Neither.",
        "twilight": "Whether the policy uses precedent-collapse / feedback-delay / exponential-fog ('twilight') framing."
      }
    },
    "creator": "Chris Huber Reitz",
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "base_url": "https://calibrated-authority.chrishuberreitz.com",
    "generated_at": "2026-07-22T11:30:00Z"
  },
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      "name": "UF Center for Public Interest Communications",
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
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      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "All Center content must be replicable, evidence-based and traceable to sources that a human researcher can locate, review and re-create using documented methods.",
      "quote_label": "AI use policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://realgoodcenter.jou.ufl.edu/about/ai/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "springer-nature",
      "name": "Springer Nature / Nature",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/nature-portfolio/editorial-policies/ai",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Prohibitive",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "An attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs.",
      "quote_label": "Nature Portfolio AI policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.nature.com/nature-portfolio/editorial-policies/ai",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "elsevier",
      "name": "Elsevier",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/the-use-of-generative-ai-and-ai-assisted-technologies-in-writing-for-elsevier",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans.",
      "quote_label": "Author AI policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/the-use-of-generative-ai-and-ai-assisted-technologies-in-writing-for-elsevier",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
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      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/assets/15405885/Generative%20AI%20Policy_September%202023-1695231878293.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "The author is fully responsible for the accuracy of any information provided by the AI Technology.",
      "quote_label": "Generative AI policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/assets/15405885/Generative%20AI%20Policy_September%202023-1695231878293.pdf",
        "verify_status": "primary-verified-2026-06-22"
      }
    },
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
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      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Generative AI tools must not be listed as an author because such tools are unable to assume responsibility for the submitted content or manage copyright and licensing agreements. These are uniquely human responsibilities that cannot be undertaken by Generative AI tools.",
      "quote_label": "AI policy (browser-verified 2026-06-22)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://taylorandfrancis.com/our-policies/ai-policy/",
        "verify_status": "primary-verified-2026-06-22"
      }
    },
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      "id": "science-aaas",
      "name": "Science / AAAS",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/content/page/science-journals-editorial-policies",
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
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      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "AI-assisted technologies [such as large language models (LLMs), chatbots, and image creators] do not meet the Science journals' criteria for authorship and therefore may not be listed as authors or coauthors, nor may sources cited in Science journal content be authored or coauthored by AI tools.",
      "quote_label": "Science journals editorial policies, Authorship / AI section",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.science.org/content/page/science-journals-editorial-policies",
        "verify_status": "secondary-wayback-2026-06-14",
        "note": "Live page hard-403s automated fetch (no Chrome available this run); policy re-read in full from Wayback 2026-06-14 capture, which renders the complete editorial-policies text."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "icmje",
      "name": "ICMJE",
      "segment": "med-integrity",
      "url": "https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html",
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        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
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      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are required for authorship.",
      "quote_label": "Recommendations — AI by authors",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
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      "name": "COPE",
      "segment": "pub-ethics",
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      "scores": {
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 0,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 7,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Relational",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "AI tools cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright and license agreements.",
      "quote_label": "Position: Authorship and AI tools",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "plos",
      "name": "PLOS",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/ethical-publishing-practice",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "The use of AI tools and technologies to fabricate or otherwise misrepresent primary research data is unacceptable.",
      "quote_label": "Ethical publishing practice (browser-verified)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/ethical-publishing-practice",
        "verify_status": "primary-verified-2026-06-22"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "poynter",
      "name": "Poynter Institute",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://www.poynter.org/ai-ethics-journalism/ai-ethics-guidelines/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "All information generated by AI requires human verification. Everything we publish will live up to our long-time standards of verification.",
      "quote_label": "AI Ethics Guidebook - newsroom AI policy template (updated 2025-06-01)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.poynter.org/ai-ethics-journalism/ai-ethics-guidelines/",
        "verify_status": "primary-kit-doc-2026-07-12",
        "note": "Guidelines page 403s automated fetch; page verified via Wayback 2026-07-09 capture - it is now a landing page for the 2025 AI Ethics Starter Kit. The kit's full policy template (published Google Doc, last updated 2025-06-01) and the public-facing PDF were fetched live and read in full; the coded quote is present verbatim in the template."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reuters-institute",
      "name": "Reuters Institute (Oxford)",
      "segment": "journalism-research",
      "url": "https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/generative-ai-and-news-report-2025-how-people-think-about-ais-role-journalism-and-society",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 0,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 5,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-28",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "You cannot simply 'hack' your way to trust.",
      "quote_label": "Generative AI and news report 2025",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/generative-ai-and-news-report-2025-how-people-think-about-ais-role-journalism-and-society",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "columbia-tow",
      "name": "Columbia / Tow Center",
      "segment": "journalism-research",
      "url": "https://journalism.columbia.edu/CJS2030/AI",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "We won't publish a story if our only source is AI — it's not a substitute for the careful review of journalists.",
      "quote_label": "Tow Center / CJR",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://journalism.columbia.edu/CJS2030/AI",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ap",
      "name": "Associated Press",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://ds.svcs.associatedpress.com/standards-around-generative-ai",
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        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Balanced",
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      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Any output from a generative AI tool should be treated as unvetted source material.",
      "quote_label": "Standards around generative AI (via Poynter/Globe reprint)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://ds.svcs.associatedpress.com/standards-around-generative-ai",
        "verify_status": "secondary-blocked"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "harvard",
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      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://provost.harvard.edu/guidelines-using-chatgpt-and-other-generative-ai-tools-harvard",
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
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      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "You are responsible for any content that you produce or publish that includes AI-generated material.",
      "quote_label": "Generative AI guidelines",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://provost.harvard.edu/guidelines-using-chatgpt-and-other-generative-ai-tools-harvard",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "stanford",
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      "segment": "university",
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        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 9,
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      "c3": "Both-split",
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      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Absent a clear statement from a course instructor, use of or consultation with generative AI shall be treated analogously to assistance from another person.",
      "quote_label": "Office of Community Standards",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://communitystandards.stanford.edu/policies-guidance",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mit",
      "name": "MIT",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://ist.mit.edu/ai-guidance",
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
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      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "You are responsible for the accuracy of any information you publish, including AI-generated content.",
      "quote_label": "IS&T AI guidance",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://ist.mit.edu/ai-guidance",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "umich",
      "name": "University of Michigan",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://genai.umich.edu/resources/faculty/course-policies",
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        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Enabling",
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      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "All data shared with U-M's AI services is private and will not be used to train AI models.",
      "quote_label": "ITS AI services",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://genai.umich.edu/resources/faculty/course-policies",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "russell-group",
      "name": "Russell Group (UK)",
      "segment": "university-consortium",
      "url": "https://www.russellgroup.ac.uk/policy/policy-briefings/principles-use-generative-ai-tools-education",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 7,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "This means that accountability for the accuracy of information generated by these tools when transferred to another context lies with the user.",
      "quote_label": "Russell Group principles on generative AI in education, sec. 1.1(c) (full principles PDF)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.russellgroup.ac.uk/policy/policy-briefings/principles-use-generative-ai-tools-education",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mla-cccc",
      "name": "MLA-CCCC Task Force",
      "segment": "education",
      "url": "https://aiandwriting.hcommons.org/working-paper-1/",
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        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
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      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "We and others would caution against using LLMs to assess student writing or to write tailored feedback to students, given the danger of undermining trust and human connection in the classroom.",
      "quote_label": "Joint Task Force, Working Paper 3",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://aiandwriting.hcommons.org/working-paper-1/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "acm",
      "name": "ACM",
      "segment": "computing-society",
      "url": "https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/new-acm-policy-on-authorship",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "When using Artificial Intelligence to assist with writing an ACM submission, ACM no longer requires the disclosure of information regarding the use of AI.",
      "quote_label": "Policy on Authorship, updated 2026-05-14 (browser-verified)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/new-acm-policy-on-authorship",
        "verify_status": "primary-verified-2026-06-22",
        "note": "Policy updated 2026-05-14: AI writing-assistance disclosure no longer required (research-use still must be described in Methods). D3 2->1; CA 10->11."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "apa",
      "name": "APA",
      "segment": "society-publisher",
      "url": "https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/publishing-tips/policy-generative-ai",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "AI is not a conscious human who can consent to the duties and responsibilities of authorship, which include responsibility for post publication changes such as corrections or retractions.",
      "quote_label": "Journals generative-AI policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/publishing-tips/policy-generative-ai",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "yale",
      "name": "Yale University",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://provost.yale.edu/news/guidelines-use-generative-ai-tools",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Always review and verify outputs generated by AI tools, especially before publication. We are each responsible for the content of our work product.",
      "quote_label": "Provost guidelines",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://provost.yale.edu/news/guidelines-use-generative-ai-tools",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "princeton",
      "name": "Princeton University",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://rrr.princeton.edu/students-and-university/24-academic-regulations",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Generative AI is not a source as defined in this provision because its output is not created by a person.",
      "quote_label": "Rights, Rules, Responsibilities 2.4.7",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://rrr.princeton.edu/students-and-university/24-academic-regulations",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "uc-berkeley",
      "name": "University of California, Berkeley",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://oercs.berkeley.edu/appropriate-use-generative-ai-tools",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 6,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "No personal, confidential, proprietary, or otherwise sensitive information may be entered into or generated as output from models.",
      "quote_label": "Appropriate use of generative AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://oercs.berkeley.edu/appropriate-use-generative-ai-tools",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cornell",
      "name": "Cornell University",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://it.cornell.edu/ai/ai-guidelines",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-05",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "You are accountable for your work, regardless of the tools you use to produce it.",
      "quote_label": "AI guidelines",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://it.cornell.edu/ai/ai-guidelines",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "carnegie-mellon",
      "name": "Carnegie Mellon University",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/technology/aitools/academicintegrity/index.html",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Prohibitive",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "You are ultimately responsible for the content that you submit.",
      "quote_label": "Eberly Center course-policy examples",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/technology/aitools/academicintegrity/index.html",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "georgia-tech",
      "name": "Georgia Institute of Technology",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://provost.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/2025-10/AI%20Policy_draft_10.14.2025%202.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Core scholarly and research contributions are expected to remain under the full direction and responsibility of the GT community member.",
      "quote_label": "AI Policy (draft, 2025-10-14)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://provost.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/2025-10/AI%20Policy_draft_10.14.2025%202.pdf",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "u-toronto",
      "name": "University of Toronto",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://www.viceprovostundergrad.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Syllabus-language-for-Gen-AI-2024-08-21.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Generative AI tools do not meet the criteria for authorship of scholarly works, because these tools cannot take responsibility or be held accountable for submitted work.",
      "quote_label": "SGS guidance",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.viceprovostundergrad.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Syllabus-language-for-Gen-AI-2024-08-21.pdf",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cambridge",
      "name": "University of Cambridge",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://www.educationalpolicy.admin.cam.ac.uk/plagiarism-and-academic-misconduct/artificial-intelligence-ai",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "A student using any unacknowledged content generated by artificial intelligence within a summative assessment as though it is their own work constitutes academic misconduct.",
      "quote_label": "AI and academic misconduct",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.educationalpolicy.admin.cam.ac.uk/plagiarism-and-academic-misconduct/artificial-intelligence-ai",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ucl",
      "name": "University College London",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/teaching-learning/generative-ai-hub/three-categories-genai-use-assessment",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "The student should still be the author of their own work — GenAI should be limited to supporting and assisting the student.",
      "quote_label": "Generative AI hub",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.ucl.ac.uk/teaching-learning/generative-ai-hub/three-categories-genai-use-assessment",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "asu",
      "name": "Arizona State University",
      "segment": "university",
      "url": "https://tlc.sols.asu.edu/teaching/toolkits/syllabus-and-policies-generative-ai",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 0,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Any submitted course assignment that does not explicitly articulate how generative AI was used will be assumed to have been created entirely without its use.",
      "quote_label": "Syllabus & policies on generative AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://tlc.sols.asu.edu/teaching/toolkits/syllabus-and-policies-generative-ai",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cambridge-up",
      "name": "Cambridge University Press",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-journals",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "AI does not meet the Cambridge requirements for authorship, given the need for accountability.",
      "quote_label": "Authorship and contributorship policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/publishing-ethics/authorship-and-contributorship-journals",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "oxford-up",
      "name": "Oxford University Press",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/pages/for-authors/books/author-use-of-artificial-intelligence",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Gen AI does not qualify as an author and should not be used to undertake primary authorial responsibilities, such as generating arguments and scientific insights, writing analysis, or drawing conclusions.",
      "quote_label": "Author use of AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://academic.oup.com/pages/for-authors/books/author-use-of-artificial-intelligence",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sage",
      "name": "SAGE Publishing",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.sagepub.com/journals/publication-ethics-policies/artificial-intelligence-policy",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-05",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "We distinguish various uses for AI: assistive (no longer requiring disclosure), generative (requiring disclosure), and prohibitive.",
      "quote_label": "AI policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.sagepub.com/journals/publication-ethics-policies/artificial-intelligence-policy",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ieee",
      "name": "IEEE",
      "segment": "computing-society",
      "url": "https://open.ieee.org/author-guidelines-for-artificial-intelligence-ai-generated-text/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "The use of content generated by artificial intelligence in an article shall be disclosed in the acknowledgments section.",
      "quote_label": "Author guidelines for AI-generated text",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://open.ieee.org/author-guidelines-for-artificial-intelligence-ai-generated-text/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pnas",
      "name": "PNAS",
      "segment": "publisher",
      "url": "https://www.pnas.org/author-center/editorial-and-journal-policies",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "The software cannot be listed as an author because it does not meet the criteria for authorship and cannot share responsibility for the paper or be held accountable for the integrity of the data reported.",
      "quote_label": "Editorial and journal policies",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.pnas.org/author-center/editorial-and-journal-policies",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "jama",
      "name": "JAMA Network",
      "segment": "med-journal",
      "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807956",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-28",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, and AI tools cannot take such responsibility.",
      "quote_label": "Instructions for authors",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807956",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "nejm",
      "name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
      "segment": "med-journal",
      "url": "https://ai.nejm.org/about/editorial-policies",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Because the authors of a manuscript are responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, chatbots or other AI-assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors.",
      "quote_label": "NEJM AI editorial policies",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://ai.nejm.org/about/editorial-policies",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "wame",
      "name": "World Association of Medical Editors",
      "segment": "med-integrity",
      "url": "https://wame.org/page3.php?id=106",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "In the interests of enabling scientific scrutiny, including replication and identifying falsification, the full prompt used to generate the research results, the time and date of query, and the AI tool used and its version, should be provided.",
      "quote_label": "Recommendations on chatbots & generative AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://wame.org/page3.php?id=106",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cse",
      "name": "Council of Science Editors",
      "segment": "science-editors",
      "url": "https://www.csescienceeditor.org/article/cse-guidance-on-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-tools/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "A nonhuman cannot be responsible or accountable for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work.",
      "quote_label": "Guidance on machine learning and AI tools",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.csescienceeditor.org/article/cse-guidance-on-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-tools/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "royal-society",
      "name": "The Royal Society",
      "segment": "society-publisher",
      "url": "https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/openness/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Such systems must not replace key researcher tasks such as producing scientific insights, analysing and interpreting data.",
      "quote_label": "Authorship, competing interests and AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/openness/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bbc",
      "name": "BBC",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/use-of-artificial-intelligence",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "BBC use of AI must never undermine the trust of audiences.",
      "quote_label": "Editorial guidance on AI (updated 2026-07-10)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/use-of-artificial-intelligence",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reuters-news",
      "name": "Reuters (news agency)",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Our images and stories must reflect reality.",
      "quote_label": "Handbook of Journalism",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/trust-principles",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "guardian",
      "name": "The Guardian",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2026/03/03/Editorial_Code_of_Practice_Guidelines_March2026.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 11,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Guardian audiences are entitled to expect that work that appears under your byline has been authored by you.",
      "quote_label": "Editorial Code §H (2026-03)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2026/03/03/Editorial_Code_of_Practice_Guidelines_March2026.pdf",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "nyt",
      "name": "The New York Times",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://www.nytco.com/press/principles-for-using-generative-a.i.-in-the-timess-newsroom/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Prohibitive",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "We don't use A.I. to write articles, and journalists are ultimately responsible for everything that we publish.",
      "quote_label": "Newsroom principles (secondary-sourced)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.nytco.com/press/principles-for-using-generative-a.i.-in-the-timess-newsroom/",
        "verify_status": "secondary-blocked"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "spj",
      "name": "Society of Professional Journalists",
      "segment": "journalism",
      "url": "https://www.spj.org/spj-code-of-ethics/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "Take responsibility for the accuracy of their work. Verify information before releasing it. Use original sources whenever possible.",
      "quote_label": "Code of Ethics (rev. 2014-09-06)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.spj.org/spj-code-of-ethics/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "arl",
      "name": "Association of Research Libraries",
      "segment": "library",
      "url": "https://www.arl.org/resources/research-libraries-guiding-principles-for-artificial-intelligence/",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 0,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 5,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Libraries believe 'no human, no AI.'",
      "quote_label": "Guiding Principles for AI",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.arl.org/resources/research-libraries-guiding-principles-for-artificial-intelligence/",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "educause",
      "name": "EDUCAUSE",
      "segment": "edtech",
      "url": "https://er.educause.edu/articles/2023/12/cross-campus-approaches-to-building-a-generative-ai-policy",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 0,
        "D2": 1,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 0,
        "D5": 0,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 3,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "contradicts",
      "c3": "Relational",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-12",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "[The policy creates] an untenable situation for students who must somehow defend themselves against a machine that cannot show its work but is just a projection.",
      "quote_label": "Cross-Campus Approaches to a GenAI Policy",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://er.educause.edu/articles/2023/12/cross-campus-approaches-to-building-a-generative-ai-policy",
        "verify_status": "secondary-wayback-2026-05-05",
        "note": "Live page now returns 403 to automated fetch (WebFetch and browser-UA curl); article re-read in full from Wayback capture 2026-05-05. Coded quote present verbatim; article body unchanged from the 2023-12-12 publication."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "unesco",
      "name": "UNESCO — GenAI in education & research",
      "segment": "intergov",
      "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 9,
      "posture": "Prohibitive",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Relational",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-19",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-19",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "Publicly available generative AI (GenAI) tools are rapidly emerging, and the release of iterative versions is outpacing the adaptation of national regulatory frameworks.",
      "quote_label": "Guidance for generative AI in education and research (UNESCO)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research",
        "verify_status": "ok",
        "note": "Re-read 2026-07-19 via web fetch of the coded landing page (page shows last-updated 2026-01-16). Visible content consistent with prior coding: regulation mandate, data-privacy protection, age limit for independent GenAI conversations, human-agent ethical-validation approach. Full guidance PDF on unesdoc is Cloudflare-gated headless; landing-page verification only."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "oecd",
      "name": "OECD AI Principles",
      "segment": "intergov",
      "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/ai-principles",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 10,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "AI actors should ensure traceability, including in relation to datasets, processes and decisions made during the AI system lifecycle, to enable analysis of the AI system's outputs and responses to inquiry.",
      "quote_label": "AI Principles (OECD/LEGAL/0449)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/ai-principles",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "us-doe-oet",
      "name": "US Dept of Education (OET)",
      "segment": "gov-education",
      "url": "https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-22",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "A top priority with AI is to keep humans in the loop and in control.",
      "quote_label": "AI and the Future of Teaching and Learning",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "uspto",
      "name": "USPTO — Inventorship Guidance for AI-Assisted Inventions",
      "segment": "regulator",
      "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/13/2024-02623/inventorship-guidance-for-ai-assisted-inventions",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Evidential",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-19",
      "last_changed": "2026-07-19",
      "revision": 1,
      "quote": "only a natural person can be an inventor, so AI cannot be",
      "quote_label": "Inventorship Guidance for AI-Assisted Inventions, 89 FR 10043 (quoting Thaler v. Vidal)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/13/2024-02623/inventorship-guidance-for-ai-assisted-inventions",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "vatican-ddf",
      "name": "Vatican (DDF/DCE) — Antiqua et Nova (2025)",
      "segment": "faith-institution",
      "url": "https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_ddf_doc_20250128_antiqua-et-nova_en.html",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 0,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 1
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-06-28",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Between a machine and a human being, only the latter is truly a moral agent.",
      "quote_label": "Antiqua et Nova (2025), par. 39",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_ddf_doc_20250128_antiqua-et-nova_en.html",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ala",
      "name": "American Library Association",
      "segment": "library",
      "url": "https://www.ala.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/AI%20Working%20Group%20-%20%20DRAFT%20for%20ALA%20Board%20Council%20and%20Members.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 2,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 2,
        "D4": 2,
        "D5": 2,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 12,
      "posture": "Balanced",
      "c2_fit": "fits",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": false,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-05",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": null,
      "quote_label": null,
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.ala.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/AI%20Working%20Group%20-%20%20DRAFT%20for%20ALA%20Board%20Council%20and%20Members.pdf",
        "verify_status": "ok"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "qaa-uk",
      "name": "QAA (UK Quality Assurance Agency)",
      "segment": "gov-education",
      "url": "https://www.qaa.ac.uk/sector-resources/generative-artificial-intelligence/qaa-advice-and-resources",
      "scores": {
        "D1": 1,
        "D2": 2,
        "D3": 1,
        "D4": 1,
        "D5": 1,
        "D6": 2
      },
      "ca": 8,
      "posture": "Enabling",
      "c2_fit": "partially",
      "c3": "Both-split",
      "twilight": true,
      "coded_date": "2026-07-12",
      "last_changed": null,
      "revision": 0,
      "quote": "Policies should be transparent and clearly communicated to staff and students, emphasising that academic misconduct is unacceptable and that responsibility for the integrity of the submission lies with the student.",
      "quote_label": "Maintaining quality and standards in the ChatGPT era (2023-05-08)",
      "provenance": {
        "url": "https://www.qaa.ac.uk/sector-resources/generative-artificial-intelligence/qaa-advice-and-resources",
        "verify_status": "ok",
        "note": "Coded from the flagship advice paper linked off the watchlist resources page. Anti-ban, integration-with-integrity stance: 'This approach is preferable to trying to ban the use of these tools outright.' D2 anchored on student responsibility for submission integrity; D6 on 'the ability to check facts and authenticate information derived from Generative Artificial Intelligence software has emerged as a key graduate attribute'. Hybrid-submission gray zone handled through support systems first (twilight). Permit-vs-reserve line drawn on evidencing use, with verification economics as motivation (detection 'fraught with difficulty' drives assessment redesign) - partial fit."
      }
    }
  ]
}